Developmentally Appropriate Practice - 1675 Words

1. Developmentally Appropriate Practice In order to respond this question, we must first review the history of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) and Early Childhood Education (ECE). Although ECE has been around since the creation of kindergarten in the 1800’s, the decade of the 1980’s was an important period for ECE. â€Å"By the 1980’s, meta-analysis of the well-designed US projects offered compelling evidence on the positive outcomes of [early childhood education and intervention]† (Woodhead, 2007). Therefore, there was much pressure to improve the state of education, including ECE. â€Å"The decade of the 1980’s saw numerous calls for widespread school reform, with changes recommended in teacher education, graduation requirements, school structure, and accountability measures† (S. Bredekamp, R.A. Knuth, L.G. Kunesh, and D.D. Shulman, 1992). At this time, there was an increasing concern about the quality of early childhood education for the influx number of families that needed it. This led the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) to â€Å"begin planning a national voluntary accreditation system for early childhood programs†(NAEYC, 2014). With this planning came a need for a more specific description with regards to accreditation guidelines. Therefore, NAEYC issued a formal statement defining DAP. DAP is â€Å"based on the accumulation of data and facts of what children are like† (Gestwicki, 2011). Addtionally, DAP is centered around tree basic factors:Show MoreRelatedDevelopmentally Appropriate Practices ( Kostelnik )1502 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction DAP stands for developmentally appropriate practices (Kostelnik). This means that the activities exposed to the children in the classroom are not overwhelming, or too difficult, for their skill level, but they are achievable, interesting, meaningful, and worth knowing for each individual child (Olsen). The resources I will use will be relevant to the children and appropriate according to the different families they come from and the community they live in (Olsen). My future DAP classroomRead MoreThe Importance Of Developmentally Appropriate Practices For Young Children2850 Words   |  12 Pages The Importance of Developmentally Appropriate Practices Introduction Every child deserves an environment that endorses developmentally appropriate practices, to promote joy, respect, autonomy, creativity, exploration, responsibility and choice. Within such environment, one may argue that, catering to young children can be very demanding. However, all early years facilitator, who possess certain qualities and display positive characteristics, can definitely create an environment where childrenRead MoreEce Developmentally Appropriate Practice818 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment #1 Developmentally Appropriate Practice When trying to come up with my teaching philosophy, I quickly realized that â€Å"one size fits all† teaching is not for me. I needed to combine many methods to make my style fit the many personalities and learning styles of my students. With all of the learning styles that students exhibit I do not see how a teacher could simply teach with one philosophy all of the time. If a teacher chooses to lecture all the time, how will the kinesthetic and visualRead MoreDevelopmentally Appropriate Practices ( Dap )960 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP) is a method of teaching that is based on the research about how young children grow and learn and includes standards for high quality care and education for young children. The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) established these guidelines more than 20 years ago. Authors Gordon and Browne state, â€Å"The DAP approach stresses the need for activity-based learning environment s and is based on what we know about children throughRead MoreWhat Is Developmentally Appropriate Practice?881 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is developmentally appropriate practice? This article provide a new view of understanding children learning stages, and recognize the importance of leading students with right direction as a teacher. And, it also encouraging teachers try to use varied types of concept to improve students learning ability without sticker with Piaget learning stages. Willingham support his suggestion with explanation, â€Å"Children’s performance as they learn seems better characterized by variability than by consistence†Read MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Early Childhood Education Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pagesbe very beneficial to them. As a case in point, under NAEYC Principles 1.4 it says, â€Å"For every child, we shall implement adaptations in teaching strategies, learning environment, and curricula, consult with family, and seek recommendations from appropriate specialists to maximize the potential of the child to benefit from the program.† Teachers need to learn the children in their class, where they are from, h ow they are taught at home what their best way of understanding is. Knowing the child on anRead MoreA Reflection On My Experience With Grief And Bereavement Situations1203 Words   |  5 Pagesgreatly brightened his affect! Megan and I brought several additional developmentally appropriate activities back to the patient’s room, such as card games and books. This short interaction provided normative play, a coping outlet, and socialization to the patient. Megan later explained that we had achieved the goal of this particular patient interaction, which was to build rapport, reduce stress, and provide developmentally appropriate activities. Reflecting back, I was rather comfortable with this specificRead MoreEnhancing Children’s Potential Research Paper Draft Developmentally appropriate daycare centers are1100 Words   |  5 PagesEnhancing Children’s Potential Research Paper Draft Developmentally appropriate daycare centers are focused on the most important element: the children. Therefore these developmentally appropriate daycares exceed the needs of the children because they are being met physically, socially, emotionally, and cognitively. Some may argue that the risks of daycare can cause damage to children’s development. Developmentally appropriate daycare centers use intentional teaching strategies, support for the familiesRead MorePlay Is Very Necessary For Educating Children889 Words   |  4 Pages1 Play is learning. Play is very necessary for preschoolers. Developmentally appropriate practices are an emphasis of a child’s development and learning. The areas of learning that are that are touched on are the physical aspects of the children which are social emotional, and cognitive. Children are able to develop self-understanding about their physical and social environment through their experiences. Vygotsky said that it contains all the developmental tendencies in short form, and itself isRead MoreMiseducation of Children Essays887 Words   |  4 PagesMiseducation of Children Author Note This research is being submitted on July 5, 2012 for David Elkind’s EC110 Curriculum and Instruction course. The Miseducation of Children â€Å"If we do not wake to the potential danger of this harmful practices, we may be do serious damage to large segment of next generation† - By David Elkind Across the country, many young children’s receiving structured instructions at an early age, can be harm psychologically and/or physically. When children’s dressed

The Movie War Games - 1556 Words

People are known to be very curious and intelligent individuals. With the new developments every year, people are becoming more involved with new research and discoveries. The thirst for knowledge has become very strong for scientists especially. Although having knowledge can be a good thing it is also a very powerful weapon. It could be used for good or for evil, but most of the time people go too far and without intending to, uses their knowledge for evil. People are not known to be perfect and they make mistakes, but they learn from their mistakes so that they do not make the same fault they did the last time. But can people make the same mistake twice, after seeing the results of their first mistake? Are people really just Einstein’s monsters – not fully human and always bringing destruction among their own kind? A good example would be the film â€Å"War Games†. The film â€Å"War games† serves as a metaphor that the United States have not learned any thing from their mistake, despite having dropped the atomic bomb and knowing its effects on Japan and its people. The film â€Å"War Games† is a 1983 cold war science-fiction film directed by John Badham. In the film, a teenage boy named David along with his friend Jennifer hacks into a computer game. They begin to play this game called â€Å"Global Thermonuclear war† where they get to choose whether to bomb the USA or Russia. They begin bombing the USA and without realizing it, access the ‘War Operation Plan Response’ a United StatesShow MoreRelatedStar Wars : The Movie, Toys, And Video Games1435 Words   |  6 Pages While the current six movies of Star Wars cannot begin to tell all the stories of its universe, these stories are told through its extensive side stories, known as the Expanded Universe. This includes works related to Star Wars that are not included in the official canon, such as the comics, toys, and video games (â€Å"Star Wars Opensâ₠¬ ). There are also well over 250 books written in the Star Wars universe. These works can all take place at varying times, from thousands of years before the first episodeRead MoreStar Wars Informative Speech Essay764 Words   |  4 PagesStar Wars What movie franchise has been the most powerful film franchise in history? Who could forget traveling through space fighting evil, using the force, and defeating the empire? Yes I am talking about Star Wars. The franchise includes 6 movies and countless games, toys, and books. Now I know yall must be thinking â€Å"she only thinks star wars in so important cause it’s her favorite movie or she’s a geek or something like that† Well to be honest I have never in my life seen any of the moviesRead MoreMiracle1423 Words   |  6 Pagesof the movie. The director Gavin O’Connor did a good job tying in historical and political background that brought the film together, which made it unique to other sport films. In the beginning of the film there was a sequence highlighting the historical events that lead up to the 1980 Winter Olympics. Miracle specifically opened up with the historical footage against the Vietnam War in the 1960s. Our country endured the time whe re it was divided because of the support of the Vietnam War. To makeRead MoreFilms About Baseball: A League of Their Own and The Jackie Robinson Story1300 Words   |  6 PagesA League of Their Own (1992) The first movie I watched was A League of Their Own (1992). It is set primarily in 1943 and features a number of well-known actors such as Tom Hanks as manager Jimmy Dugan, Rosie O’Donnell as 3rd base Doris Murphy, and even Madonna as center fielder Mae Mordabito. The film starts with a scene from the present of an older Dottie Hinson, played by Lynn Cartwright, reluctantly getting ready to attend the induction of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball LeagueRead More George Lucas: One of the greatest filmmakers Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pages George Lucas: One of the greatest film makers â€Å"With the exception of maybe a handful of people, no one has made an impact on the movie making world like George Lucas has. With hundred of hours of film with his mark out there, Lucas has amazed his audiences time and time again with expert story telling† (The Gods of Filmmaking). George Lucas has written, directed, and produced countless films, many of which are some of today’s most highly regarded films by critics all over the world. â€Å"George Lucas’sRead MoreHeroes And Superheroes : Movie, Batman, Superman, And Gi Joe Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagestheir superior powers, these struggles are played out in a more dramatic arena than our own. † Then these heroes first come out it was during the 1939s till 1974s. During this time you got WWII, the Korea War, The Cold War, what’s going on in Cuban, John F. Kennedy assassinated, the Vietnam War, the Environmental Movement, fighting for woman rights, antiwar movement, and the Watergate scanda l. They create the super heroes to help us deal with these issues. â€Å"Superheroes impose order on a chaoticRead MoreBaseball is the National Pastime1051 Words   |  5 Pagesis not the National Pastime or National Game any longer. When I query these people the typical response is Football is our new National pastime/game. Frank Deford (Nov 7, 2012) a writer for Sports Illustrated said, Baseball is what we used to be. Football is what we have become. I refuse to believe this based on my knowledge of both games. In this paper we will exam the facts and I would submit to you that Baseball is still the National Pastime/Game and it cannot be disputed. Baseball wasRead MoreThe Need for Censorship in the Media Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pagesof media I am going to look at are films, video, music, printed word and video games all these areas of media are widely available to many groups of people, this includes adults and children. Censorship has been around for a long time but the censorship of movies really began in 1898 with the movie called The Cheese Mite. The cheese mite movie contains insects eating some cheese, this movie was banned, movies like these were banned by the British Cheese FoundationRead MoreThe Manchurian Candidate, Directed By John Frankenheimer955 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom both the victims and the users of the force, turning them into no more than objects. The Cold War was a clash between two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, over two different political ideologies and took away the agency of many people in the process. The movie, The Manchurian Candidate, directed by John Frankenheimer, depicts the United States during the Cold War. In the movie, a brainwashed main character, Raymond Shaw, is treated as a tool by his parents and communists toRead More1970s: The Birth of Video Game Industry Essay1718 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction 1970s was considered as the birth of video game industry, the phenomenon of gaming was growing and home gaming console Home-Pong which was a one-game-only console was invented by Atari, since then, the gaming industry has become very profitable, and more and more genre of video games were created. Although video games have become more and more popular as time changes, it still has to face the criticism, ‘media panic’. Meida panic happens when a new media appears; people will have a

Educational Aspiration High School Education vs College Education Free Essays

In our current economy, the need for a college education becomes increasingly valuable despite the high cost of tuition and loans. The demand for skilled, college-educated laborers is high. A college education can also determine your future income potential and in many cases, it is the only way a person can climb up the socioeconomic ladder. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Aspiration: High School Education vs College Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two theories that suggests why the need for a college education has been growing — increased international competition and skill-biased technology. The first theory focuses on the globalization of the U. S. economy. The argument is that increased competition from low skilled labor abroad has decreased the wages of low-skilled workers at home. At first, this theory seems to make sense but the statistics do not make sense. The reason is that only a small portion of the US economy is actually subject to competition from abroad. Also, job competition is growing in both the most and the least trade-affected industries at about the same rate. (Irons, 1998) The second theory for the increase in need for a college education has been called â€Å"skill-biased technological change†. The idea is current technology favors the higher skilled, higher educated workers over lower skilled workers. An example would be the increase use of computer technology has helped in the productivity and wages of the computer users and programmers. But, this increase does not help increase stagnated wages of the â€Å"lesser† educated worker who does not know this new technology. The only problem with this theory is that technological growth is a difficult to measure. There are two many hard to define variables to statistically measure this kind of change. (Irons, 1998) Even if these theories were to be debunked, the idea that a college education is more valuable that a high school education is correct. Statistically, a person with a college education generates a great deal more income in a lifetime than a high school graduate. Likewise, a high school graduate definitely has a higher income than a high-school dropout. The following chart shows a huge numeric difference in economic outcomes as a result of the educational status of the worker. The increase in income between the groups is a direct result of the educational degree attained. No High School 10,236 20,146 68,275 (Diaz-Geminiz, Quadrini, and Rios-Rull (1997) In Dimensions of Inequality, Diaz-Geminiz, Quadrini, and Rios-Rull theorizes the financial inequality in the U. S. according to the labor earnings, income, and wealth among U. S. households. Labor earnings are the amount of salary taken home as a result from working. Total income includes labor earning plus any additional income, such as stocks or savings accounts, and even income from government transfers, like Social Security and Welfare. And lastly, wealth represents the total stock of past savings. According to this theory of financial inequality, the top end of the distribution has seen a growth in their income while those at the lower end have seen their income stagnate. The financial distribution is highly skewed in the U. S. with the top 1% of households owning 30% of the American pie. This is 875 times more wealth that the bottom 40% of the distribution. Increasingly, the only way to obtain a decent piece of the economic pie is by earning a college degree. The higher your college degree, i. e. masters or Ph. D. , the higher your potential income earnings. Rather, education is the most important way in which people can make it into the upper end of the income distribution. Besides the differences in incomes among the college educated and non-college educated, there are also differences in employment opportunities among college educated, high school educated, and high school dropouts. The answer is yes. Your education also holds the key to what kinds of jobs or career you can or cannot obtain. According to the National Center For Education Statistics, â€Å"post-secondary degree attainment is associated with better access to employment and higher earnings. In 1995, on average, male bachelor†s degree recipients aged 25-34 earned 52 percent more, and female bachelor†s degree recipients 91 percent more, than their counterparts with a high school diploma. † On average, a limited education impedes a person†s employment opportunities. Rather, how much education one can obtain will affect how broad their job opportunity outlook will be. According to Youth Indicators, â€Å"Between 1965 and 1992, the percentage of non-college bound high school graduates entering the labor force changed little. The apparent dip in 1970 was caused by the entry of young men into the military rather than the civilian labor force. In contrast, the proportion of college students who were also in the labor force rose from 28% in 1965 to 49% in 1992. † Therefore, there are more job opportunities among the college educated than high school educated. Statistically, the value of a college education can be invaluable for one†s economic future. With this realization, post-secondary enrollments have increased continuously over the years. â€Å"The percentage of high school graduates who enrolled in 2- or 4- year colleges and universities in the October following graduation increased from 49% to 62% between 1972 and 1995. During this same period, the percentage of 25- to 29- year old high school graduates who had completed 4 or more years of college rose from 24% to 28%. † (National Center for Education Statistics) A college education also has a value beyond monetary terms. A college education can open the doors of opportunities for anyone willing to take advantage of that opportunity. High school cannot offer the same opportunity. A university has far superior resources for its students than high school. A person can learn a lot about life by simply being a college student. Most importantly, beyond attaining a degree, is the knowledge one can earn through attending college. The process of learning is a priceless tool that can only be enhanced by the college experience. How to cite Educational Aspiration: High School Education vs College Education, Papers

Family Values free essay sample

Although the importance of family in the health of today’s society has been mentioned by many health care professionals, only since the mid-1990’s has the true significance of family in the well-being of humanity been fully recognized (Friedman, Bowden, Jones, 2003). There has been â€Å"†¦little attention†¦paid to the family as an object of systematic study in nursing† (Friedman et al. , 2003, p. 4). The health status of family members is directly influenced by the family, and vice versa (Friedman et al. , 2003). Just as the concept of family used in one area of nursing practice may not be appropriate or helpful for a different area of practice, the theoretical foundation of family nursing used in one area may not be applicable in another. Family Working as a System According to Friedman, Bowden, and Jones (2003), because the family unit is the most rudimentary unit of today’s society, â€Å"†¦it is the social institution that has the most marked effect on its members† (p. Not only is violence idealized in movies, and television shows, but displayed in schools. One example would be the Columbine shooting, an unthinkable event 60, or more years ago. There goes to show, no matter how much a parents discuss the dangers of violence, a child still can be tempted by outside influences. I believe families interacted more we each other, and everyone was engaged, defineantly an issue that comes up in today’s society. Some children who get in trouble state it is because they are bored, or just have parents who do not care, again not an issue back in those days. In 1950s- 1960s everyone had to be gathered around the table to have dinner by the time Dad got home from work. Dinner time was a of family members to engage into conversation, talk about their day, and even find solutions to some issues on family member may had. Today’s society however, has changed rapidly. If you think about it, family traditions are almost non-existent; people are constantly moving around and persistently looking for change. Parents, moving around from city to city, and the children have to adjust to a different environment, different friends, this was also not the norm back then. You hardly hear people talk about how they married there high school sweetheart, or knowing a friend since kindergarten. In my life, I know that eating a family dinner is a value both my parents have, but is constantly jeopardized, due to sports practices, music lessons, or work. In short, society puts forth extremely negative influences, which no one can run from. The parents can only do so much to keep their son or daughter from falling into this trap. None of these threats has a direct solution. Society does impose negative behavior, and threatens children’s upbringing. But, one thing in my opinion has not changed throughout time, is the inner strength of individuals in a family, we all want to hold on to (even if only a few) values and morals installed by our family.

Obama the First Black President free essay sample

America with Barack Obama becoming the first black president of the United States. Overnight the African American population got an Image that they always wanted to have. It was the greatest political victory In the history of black America. During the 2008 presidential election Senator Barack Obama received support from many hip hop artists Like Young Jeez, Jay-Z, Drake and Will I am.These artists expressed their support for his election by mentioning Barack Obama ;s name and his political affiliations in their years or Just spread messages over the daily media which is used today like the Internet. The artists used Backbone, Youth, Twitter for telling the fans of their music to vote for Barack Obama. This support created a huge interest in politics amongst the younger generation and strengthened support among hip hop fans for Barack Beams election as President.Many people see Hip Hop as party music; where it should Just move the crowd, the link to gangs and rap, graffiti, breakneck, violence and the extraordinary lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Obama the First Black President or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It Is not all like that It can also be regarded as literally Important; hip-hop has a long history of artists recording songs with explicitly political Intent. This term paper Investigates the link between HIP Hop, politics and Barack Obama as an issue. How Barack Obama got involved Into HIP Hop. The first chapter will give you a short overview about what is Hip Hop and when did it come into existence?The second chapter will outline the roots of political hip-hop. In the last chapter you will get information about how Barack Obama got involved into Hip Hop with the help of media, which artists supported him and spread messages ever Youth, or mentioned his name in their lyrics to make the population of America vote for him during the 2008 election. Examining the song texts you will get an overview about which artist was supportive and which one less. 2. What Is HIP Hop? These words we say, we want yea II to hearWere goanna make a lot of sense- were goanna make It clear These phrases tell the people what Hip Hop is about. In Hip Hop is every word important the artists express themselves by speaking. According to wrath s the Joint: The Hip Hop Reader is rap mostly spoken with a rhythm of bass, drums, and some keyboard sounds. The Hip Hop history started in the early sasss where some of the elements that make up rap music were included in Blues and Jazz. Hip Hop and Rap music became its own music genre in the sasss created by African- Americans and Latino- Americans.It started in the South Bronx of New York where the artists created a beautiful, prideful expression of music, art and dance from a background of poverty. DC s began with scratching records and made rhythms, beats and other sounds. Rap music Is a form of rhymed storytelling accompanied by highly rhythmic, electronically based music. Rappers would speak with the voice of personal experience, From the outset rap music has articulated the pleasures and problems of black urban life In America.In 1982 Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five released the single The Message and Fathers of Hip Hop, Run DMS a group of three men pioneered rap music in the 1980 s. They were the first rappers who got a gold album, a platinum album, a multi- platinum album, a music video on MAT and they were the first rappers seen on TV and who were in several magazines. Since then Hip Hop inspired lots of people all over the world. It is discussed as an art form which includes not Just rap but also: the DC, the emcee, graffiti writing, and break dancing. 3.Political Hip Hop Political Hip Hop can be used as an educational tool and make people think about what is going on in the world. The lyrics often have a political impact which is based on the issues of political economy. But they can also be seen as real-life reflections and draw attention to problems in their country. Political Lyrics can have a lot of political functions. They can stand for public social critique and political discourse. They invite the population to political participation for example: see the political issues and causes or simply go and vote.By promoting particular courses of action they can lead to better social conditions. According to Benefited (2009) is Hip- Hop music political on all different kinds of levels. Politics play an important role in Hip- Hop. Already in 1988 a front man of the rap group Public Enemy said that Hip Hop is the Black CNN. Travis L. Goes(2) says that Hip Hop music was more political in the sasss and sasss and had more political meaningfulness up to the mid sasss. After that gangster rap became more and more popular in the African- American society. Political rap got replaced by pornographic music videos, extreme materialism, individualism, and anti- intellectualism.. . . (3) The shift from Public Enemys Fight The Power (1988) to Snoop Dogs Gin and Juice,(3) was in the mid sasss simply rhyming which was mostly about urban social conditions, being a gangster and violence. In 2008 a lot of hip hop artists stood up for Senator Barack Obama during his campaign which is widely viewed as one of the most successful presidential campaign in U. S. History.They supported him during the election through media, song lyrics and short videos and showed that politics are important. They wanted to move the American population to vote for the first black President. The next pages will give you an overview about Obama becoming the first Hip Hop President. 4. Obama the first Hip Hop President Hip Hop music and the culture got more and more popular outside the Hip Hop community. The artists have been writing songs for a larger audience. The songs are being played in the clubs all over the world even not native speaker of English can understand what it is about.When Hip Hop artists used Obama in their lyrics during the 2008 presidential election the whole world could listen to their music about him on the radio in the clubs or through media, like the internet. In a Youth Interview (4) Barack Obama was asked about his opinion on Hip Hop and rap in 2008. He admitted that he likes Hip Hop especially Jay Z and Kenya West and he likes the art about it but he is concerned about some lyrics where the artists Just rap about material stuff like money, cars and houses.Also they often use the word Niger ND can give a lot to younger people. It is not Just a mirror it should be a reflection, (4) (Obama interview) reflection of life, a message that is spread through music to the younger generation. Barack Obama said that he does not think that the young generation gets their information through the New York Times. It is easier to listen to music which you like and get your information out of it. A lot of artists supported Barack Obama during his election in 2008 also Jay Z, Kenya West, Ill Wayne and Will I am. Will I am made for example a video which you can see on Youth with several artists and celebrities singing the famous mimes We Can slogan and also included elements of Barack Obama s speech. The others made so called mistakes where they made a remix of their songs with Obama and his political afflictions. The most remixed words were change and hope. According to Travis L. Goes they should energize unlikely black voters(5) and identify Obama as meaningfully black by making him an honorary member of the Hip Hop community.The election of Barack Obama as the first black president is an important symbol for the African- American society of America after the Civil rights movement. Some of the Hip Hop artists compare him even to Martin Luther King Jar. And Malcolm X. A vote for Obama is a vote for the important features hope, change and believing The society was however divided. According to Forman, Murray (2010) there were some public concerns about Senator Obama s age and relative inexperience, his lack of political pedigree, and crucially, concerns about his identity as a black man. (6) On the other site these factors were welcomed for the young voters because it was something new. Something they never had before in compare to the standard Laotians. He represents himself with an elegance, intellectual acumen and great rhetorical skills. As an American of mixed race, with black and white ancestry and a foreign and domestic heritage, Obama presents a different face of American politics and a new model of 21st (Forman, Murray 2010) Many people believed that the point of Barack Obama becoming the first black president would even reduce racism because people would have to accept a black president. This is also one reason why Hip Hop artist wanted to help to elect the first black president. They felt honored to rite lyrics about him as the new black hero of the future they wanted to make Beams presidency important. 5. Hip Hops support for Obama This chapter will give you the analysis of the song text by Jay Z My President is black and Ill Wayne s song Barack Obama A Mill (remix) how these two artists supported Barack Obama during his election in 2008. In their lyrics.Jay Gs song starts with the phrase My president is black my Maybe too First of all he is comparing Barack Obama to his car Maybe which is also black. This is even half true because Barack Obama is half black and half white. His father is Kenya and his mother is a white Kansas. Secondly he shows in the first line his materialism which is typical for the new hip hop of the millennium having big cars and spending a lot of money. Obama is a person which is not comparable with a thing in this case a car.In the following lines Jay Z raps about Barack Obama who is black but lives in a white lived in the White House of America. My President Is Black but his house is all white Rosa parks sat so martin Luther could walk martin Luther walked so Barack Obama could run Barack Obama ran so all the children could fly Furthermore he is comparing Obama to Martin Luther King Jar. And Rosa Parks. They were both civil rights activists. Rosa Parks was the first lady of the civil rights movement who did not give up her seat in the Montgomery bus boycott to a white passenger.It was the first resistance against racism and a symbol which was important for the African-American population. Also Martin Luther King Jar. Is a hero for that society. So Barack Obama is the new hero the symbol for African-Americans which should raise them to the next stage. He is like them and thats why they associate him with the words hope and change The last phrase of the citation is about children where Jay Z wants to show that Barack Obama inspired a lot of children to go for better and higher things like education for example.Probably he raps about black children who got inspired by the president since the four phrases are about black people. All in all Jay Z is pointing out that there must be a change you can keep yea puss I dont want no more bush no more war no more Iraq no more white lies the president is black. People got tired about lies of George W. Bush and the Iraq war. Barack Obama should be the new President. Conclusion While Obama is an African-American man, he is not the Lampooning-driving, handgun-toting, sandbagging boy from the hood that these lyrics frequently illustrate.The image he had created for himself as a trustworthy, intelligent man, who would bring political and social change to the United States becomes challenged by hip-hops association with ideals that voters may find unclear and unappealing. This study has found that the words used to describe Obama in hip-hop lyrics are positive sounding and reflect his abilities as a leader and a powerful man. However, the lyrics in which these words are found become problematic as they associate Barack Obama with a culture and lifestyle where he simply does not belong as someone who is campaigning for the United States Presidency.While these songs are written in strong support of Obama as a President, the lyrics do not reflect the general way of life and opinions of the potential voters, and thus the relationship between hip-hop and Obama may be problematic for individuals who support Obama as the next President. The study further established that the number of mimes Obama is mentioned in these song lyrics has little or no effect on the overall message that the artist is attempting to communicate.The most popular words that are found in these songs are also problematic, as the lyrics contained extensive use of provocative and insensitive language. Furthermore, the songs that were analyzed make extensive referrals to stereotypical and clickd images of African-American culture. While this is very common in hip-hop music, it should not be common in songs written about Obama, as it connects his identity as a black man too problematic culture and lifestyle.

White Zombie and The Thing on the Doorstep

White Zombie and The Thing on the Doorstep Introduction The aim of horror films and books is to cause fear and trepidation while at the same time entertaining and fascinating the viewers and readers. This discussion will look at two works of horror fiction, the film White Zombie by Victor Halperin and the tale The Thing on the Doorstep by H.P. Lovecraft. The discussion will explore the similarities and differences between the two works, with regard to the plot, characters, themes, and how these are used to bring about the effect of horror.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on White Zombie and The Thing on the Doorstep specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussion White Zombie is the story of a girl’s conversion into a zombie. The film is set in Haiti, the originators of the voodoo culture. Voodoo culture involves the use of black magic to bring the dead back to life as zombies. Neil Parker and Madeleine Short plan to get married, but an affluent Charles Beaum ont sees Madeleine and falls in love with her. Murder Legendre is a master of voodoo cults who with the assistance of his zombie bodyguards steals dead bodies from graves for the cult purposes. Charles seeks Murder’s assistance in order to win Madeleine’s love. Murder tells him that the only way is to turn Madeleine into a zombie through the use of a portion. Charles takes the portion and gives it to Madeleine, who dies shortly after her wedding to Neil. Charles and Murder go to her grave where they resurrect her, but as a zombie. Neil, on finding his wife’s empty grave, seeks help from a missionary, Dr. Bruner, who reveals that Murder has been using black magic to convert many of his enemies into zombies. Charles’ plea to have Murder return Madeleine back to life falls on deaf ears. The portion begins to act on Charles too and he starts transforming into a zombie. Neil and Bruner defeat the zombies at the cliff and when Murder dies, Madeleine leaves her zombie state and returns back to life. On the other hand, The Thing on the Doorstep is a horror tale that tells a zombie story about how Daniel Upton, the narrator, killed his friend Edward Derby, but he claims that he is not a murderer and hopes this story will prove his innocence. Daniel talks about his friend’s life, including his wedding to Asenath Waite. Edward tells Daniel odd stories about his wife and he believes that Ephraim Waite, her dead father, might still be alive. Edward starts having seizures and illogical speech, and in one of these moments, he tells his friend Daniel that Ephraim lives in the body of his wife. Edward visits his friend Daniel and starts ranting about Asenath and Ephraim. Daniel takes him to Arkham Sanitarium, an asylum for insane people. Daniel is called and informed that Edward has been restored to health but he can see that it is not true.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first p aper with 15% OFF Learn More His friend’s behavior looks different. Later, a weird looking creature visits Daniel with a letter from Edward. In the letter, Edward explains that he killed and buried his wife but she possessed his body at the Sanitarium. The messenger on Daniel’s doorstep was actually Edward living in his wife’s corpse. The letter urges Daniel to go to the Sanitarium and kill Edward, which he does. The Thing on the Doorstep was modified into a modern story and a movie produced in 2005. In The Thing on the Doorstep, the story is narrated in first-person. The author creates suspense and tension by divulging scanty details of the terrifying story and leaving the rest to imagination. People are usually scared the most by the unknown because they keep imagining the worst possible scenarios. The readers get the details only through the narrator’s perspective, a mere onlooker, and not the one going through those experiences. Theref ore, he can’t be able to tell the complete details (Giunta par 4). There are several similarities between the two works. Firstly, both works apply the character traits of zombies to create fear. Zombies are imaginary beings, which are portrayed in horror fiction as walking corpses that are senseless. In White Zombie, zombies are portrayed as submissive creatures that are being controlled by human characters. The zombies have a master, Murder Legendre. In The Thing on the door, zombies are beings with power and that control and torment human characters. When Asenath and Ephraim become zombies, they torment Edward. White Zombie and The Thing on the Doorstep are similar in that they are both successful in applying various devices to create the intended motive of horror fiction, which is fear. Another similarity is the element of the voodoo culture of using black magic to bring the dead back to life as zombies. In White Zombie Murder uses black magic to bring Madeleine back to li fe. In The Thing on the Doorstep, both Ephraim and Asenath come back to life and reside in Edward’s body. The director of White Zombie uses horrifying imagery and creepy shadows to cause fear to the viewers. He uses music to create a somber mood to rhyme with the ghostly scenes. In addition, it uses some sounds like the cry of a vulture and squeaking of the grinding mill to frighten the audience (Rhodes and Turner 20). On the other hand, in The Thing on the Doorstep, the author’s description of the messenger at Daniel’s doorstep is very frightening. The creature has peculiar features and it stinks. Also the revelation that that creature was actually his friend Edward is horrendous. The urgency with which the letter implores Daniel to go and kill his friend Edward, who was actually Asenath, is spellbinding. It leaves the reader anxious and thinking of the possible danger that may befall the world if Daniel does not act according to Edward’s instructions.Ad vertising We will write a custom essay sample on White Zombie and The Thing on the Doorstep specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another clear similarity is that both works of fiction were produced in 1930’s, a time at which zombies were beginning to be featured in works of fiction. During this time, zombies were portrayed as brainless creatures that were subject to a master, unlike in the present day films where zombies are depicted as more powerful than human beings and actually eating human flesh and causing a lot of havoc and distress to them. Conclusion The above discussion has done a comparative analysis between White Zombie and The Thing on the Doorstep, two distinctive works of horror fiction that were done in the 1930’s. The discussion has sought to highlight the similarities between these two exceptional pieces of work. Despite the fact that one is a film and another book, these works are analogous in numerous way s, including bringing the effect of fear and horror through the use of zombies. Giunta, Venessa. â€Å"Just Read: The Thing on the Doorstep by H.P. Lovecraft.† WordPress, 2011. venessagiunta.com/02-24-2010/just-read-%E2%80%9Cthe-thing-on-the-doorstep%E2%80%9D-by-h-p-lovecraft/ Rhodes, Gary, and Turner George. White Zombie: Anatomy of a Horror Film. USA: McFarland, 2006. Print

Occupational Folklife Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Occupational Folklife - Assignment Example Partaking in this activity assists us to bond out of the classroom and develop friendly relationships on and off the field too. This helps us to come together as a group and identify as one. The values and skills stressed during the soccer match are those of teamwork, hard work, commitment, and dedication. Each member of the opposing team gets expected to understand the concept of teamwork and how it is vital in helping their team to win and play excellently. Teamwork in soccer is displayed by passing the ball to your teammates and also through attacking or defending against the opposing team as a unit. Each member also has to show dedication and commitment by making time to participate in this activity after class and group work. As members of the group study, we encourage each other to show up for matches and always give our entire effort when playing for our teams. Members encourage each other to dedicate part of their extra time towards playing soccer together. Soccer is a physically demanding game and requires hard work to maintain physical fitness and shape. As a group, we undertake warm-ups and some physical exercises together before playing. By exercising, member s get to ensure their levels of physical fitness are commendable and thus do not strain physically during the match. Through playing soccer as an informal activity, the individual status or ranks within the group become forgotten until the match is over. The activity helps the group to bond and relate to each other as team members and friends on a casual basis. Soccer assists the group members to relate to each other on a friendly level where we share a joke about each other or let loose of the seriousness that comes from knowing each other on our academic levels. Group members do not mind about their academic performances’ while on the field playing, but rather become focused on assisting their teams to win.  

Nursing Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Theory - Term Paper Example This essay discusses that King’s theory of goal attainment emphasizes upon the objectives which influence the relationship between a patient and a nurse. The underlying assumption on which this theory is based is that both the patient and the nurse interact with each other in the capacity of human beings. The two are open systems each of which intermingles with the environment as well. The theory of goal attainment is a systems model type of theory whose conceptual framework was retrieved from three fundamental systems of dynamic interaction, namely the social, interpersonal and personal interacting system. Because of its tendency to impact the behavior, perception is given extreme importance in the personal system. The reaction of groups or individuals gave rise to the interpersonal systems. King’s theory of goal attainment is quite relevant and applicable today. This theory highlights some key facts that are intuitively known by both the nurse and the patient. Interpe rsonal communication between the nurse and the patient is crucial for favorable results of the nursing practice. This theory analyzes the relationship between the nurse and the patient on three levels of social, interpersonal and personal interaction. The three jointly describe the interaction completely. Although the contemporary age is characterized by digital technology, which is frequently made use of by the nurse to interact with the patient, though the variables discussed in the King’s theory apply just as well as they do in verbal communication. The Division of Nursing is directed at providing the nursing care recipients with high quality of health care. Faculty achieves this through their research, teaching and community’s service. Nurses create their individualistic stance upon the health and life using a wide array of interpersonal relationships. The integration of intellectual, spiritual, physical and cultural elements facilitates this process. Both nurse an d the patient are influenced both externally and internally by a myriad of physical, social and biological components of the environment. Health is the name of an individual’s social, physical and spiritual well being. Nursing, on the other hand, is a field in which the professional counsels the patient in such a way that his/her health is restored. The most fundamental element of nursing is the care of patients. In order to facilitate optimal well being of the patient, the nurse works in an independent setting, though the environmental factors do govern the attitudes of both the nurse and the patient. King’s theory of goal attainment compares well with the philosophy of the Division of Nursing in that both acknowledge the significance of environmental factors upon the interaction between the nurse and the patient. Nevertheless, King’s theory places more emphasis upon the personal system while depicting the behavior of either of the two parties involved in the p rocess whereas the Division of Nursing makes a generic approach towards it by giving equal importance to each of the several components constituting the environment. My personal theory of nursing is that nurses maintain a caring relationship with the patients, irrespective of the theories of nursing. Nurses know their work. Nevertheless, their practice is consistent with the theories of nursing in general, and King’s theory of goal attainment in particular. I believe that factors affecting a nurse’s behavior and perceptions about the patient vary from one nurse to another. This is, to much an extent, an outcome of the way an individual thinks and the ideology of an individual. Since people vary in their opinions and ideologies, it is not quite reasonable to standardize the personal interacting system as the fundamental determinant of a nurse’s perceptions. King’s theory of goal attainment is relevant across the span of nursing practices because it tends t o explain some of the most fundamental concepts involved in the practice. As I said, I believe that one formula does not work for every individual because an

The different between prophet Moses in the Quran and in the Bible Essay

The different between prophet Moses in the Quran and in the Bible - Essay Example In spite of the similarity in terms of citing Moses in the two texts, the Qur’an and the Bible have still varied narrations concerning the prophet-messenger’s life and miracles. This paper discusses the differences in picturing out Moses between the Qur’an text and the Bible text. It examines their variations with respect to the prophet’s (1) birth, (2) encountering the burning bush, (3) facing the Pharaoh, (4) dividing the Red Sea, (5) striking the rock, and (6) reaction to Israelite’s idolatry. First, the Qur’an and the Bible have different detailed narratives concerning the birth of Moses. In the Qur’an, for instance, the text informs its readers that it was Allah who instructed the mother of Musa (Islam’s name for Moses) to cast him onto the river water. In the Bible, however, the text suggests that it was the mother of the said prophet who decided to hide Moses for three months since she â€Å"saw him that he was a goodly child† (Ben-Chanan 103). Here, the main difference between the two texts under discussion is the decision-maker who opted on what to do with the prophet-child. It must be remembered that the historical circumstance in which the baby Moses was born was that every Hebrew male child must be put to death by the order of the Egyptian pharaoh himself. Both the Qur’an and the Bible appear to support, although implied, this historical account. In the former (i.e., in Sura), the words of Firon’s wife -- Islam’s Firon is equivalent to Christian’s Pharaoh -- are strongly indicative: â€Å"[D]o not slay him [i.e., Musa]† (qtd. in Ben-Chanan 100). And in the latter (i.e., in Exodus), the words of Moses’ mother is clearly suggestive: â€Å"hid him three months† (qtd. in Ben-Chanan 101). The term â€Å"hid† implies danger for someone’s life, otherwise, there is no need for hiding that person from the sight of the enemy. Further, the Qur’an and the Bible significantly differ from the account pertaining to the woman who adopted baby Moses. In the Qur’an text, the woman who took Moses as her own child was the wife of Firon. In the Bible, on the other hand, the woman who adopted the prophet-child was the daughter of the Pharaoh. Moreover, the Qur’an narrates Firon’s wife as uttering the line â€Å"do not slay him† while the Bible speaks of the Pharaoh’s daughter saying â€Å"she had compassion on him.† That is to say, the two texts also vary on the impression made by the woman who adopted the prophet-child. Second, the two texts in question have varied narratives concerning Moses’ experienced with the burning bush. In the Qur’an, for example, the text speaks of Musa being with his family at the time when he saw the fire. According to the Bible, however, Moses was alone by himself when he sighted the burning bush (Ben-Chanan 114). Thence, the differe nce between the two texts is the company or solitude that the said prophet was with or without. Also, the Qur’an names the place in which Musa was standing on the sacred ground with the burning bush as Tuva Valley while the Bible names the location as Horeb (Ben-Chanan 114). It appears that the two place-names are far from similar, thus, the two texts vary from their accounts of the terrain wherein the prophet was standing on the holy ground: one is in the valley while the other is on the mountain. Moreover, the Qur’an and the Bible have different stories pertaining to the role of Aaron in Moses’

Classical Music From 1760 To 1810

Classical Music From 1760 To 1810 Why is the music of 1760-1810 described as classical. Explain the meaning of the term and how it relates to the music of that time. Refer to specific composers and works. In musical context, the term classical refers to the classical period which falls between the Baroque and Romantic period. I am going to be looking at the most well known composers of this era (J. Haydn, W.A. Mozart L.V Beethoven) and analyse how their music differentiates from that of the Baroque period and how it led into the Romantic era. Starting from c.1760, the first composer I will be looking at is Haydn. At the time when the influence of church on music development was diminishing, Haydn was lucky enough to be employed by one rich family of the Austrian Empire. This proved rewarding, as it gave him the freedom to explore many different aspects of music, which led to his crucial role in the establishment of the key classical forms (such as the Symphony, the String Quartet, the Sonata and the Concerto). Although versions of all these existed, Haydn standardized these into well established musical forms and promoted them. Due to the many operas in which he wrote before this period, Haydn was well acquainted with the sinfonia form. However he was not content with adhering to this Italian model and the striving for originality (which led to the success of his career) became apparent in his works from 1761. He added two oboes, two horns to his first symphony. The wind parts show nothing unexpected, while the oboes often double the strings. The horns play fan-far like figures. The melody is divided between the violins (treated as if the work were a trio sonata) although often they play in unison. The lower strings are bound together almost entirely as their function is to provide harmony while maintaining a forward driving rhythm. There are many baroque features, as to be expected. When Haydn ran the Esterhazy orchestra during the 1760s he had the opportunity to experiment with symphonic writing, and it was during this decade there where he produced his first great symphonies. Over these 10 years, he wrote approximately 40 symphonies, around half of which followed a four-movement form with an added minuet as the third movement. He also composed a long list of works in other genres, including operas, oratorios and choral works. Specifically referring to his first set of symphonies , (No.6 Le Matin, 7 Le Midi, and 8 Le Soir), Haydn used a variety of stylistic influences. The most evident quality of these works is their added richness (compared to the first symphony he wrote), which is not from the use of novel or unexpected instruments, but from the utilization of the concerto principle within the symphonic framework. In some movements the strings are scored as ripieno with a concertino of two violins and a cello. In almost all movements the wind players depart from the role of sustaining harmonies to become soloists. In all three symphonies, the trio of the minuet movement contains a prominent part for the double bass recalling baroque practices in the concerto grosso; yet Haydn, using the standard combination of flutes, oboes, bassoons, horns, and strings, creates a modern orchestra which are retained and used by him in his later symphonies. Haydns main intention at this time seemed to be the virtuosity of his musicians, as each of these three symphonies abounds prominent solos from almost every section. Haydns efforts to standardize the type of symphony proved successful and for that must be credited with the far-reaching innovation of adding one of the Dance forms as a separate movement (most commonly a Minuet although only used from the third symphony and thereafter). This was the most consistent design for a scholastic and artistic style of the Symphony. By the early 1770s, Haydn was well known throughout Europe and in 1781 his symphonies were published in England for the first time. One problem that Haydn gave his immediate attention to was that of unifying thematic material, it is out of such attempts his great innovation of the 1780s were evolved. Sometimes Haydn would base a whole movement upon a single melodic fragment; more often, when decided harmonic contrasts exist between theme groups, the second theme is derived from the first. Haydn seems to have not appreciated, in these early works, the importance that he would later be attached to just the element he tried to expunge, namely, the element of thematic contrast or conflict. Even in his later works the contrasts were seldom as clearly established as in the compositions of Mozart and early Beethoven. Thematic contrast is missing almost entirely in Symphonies No.3-42 (1759-1771), and lyric themes, such as occur in Mozart repeatedly, are equally rare. Haydn was well known throughout Europe when Mozart was a child. His six string quartets (often referred to as the Sun quartets) were written in 1772 and are said to be the inspiration for the six string quartets that Mozart wrote during his 1773 visit to Vienna. Haydn developed the polyphonic techniques he had gathered from the previous era to provide structural coherence capable of holding together his melodic ideas. During this time, Mozart developed an enthusiasm for violin concertos, producing a series of five which increase in their musical sophistication and technical difficulty. In 1776, he turned his efforts to piano concertos and in early 1777 his E-flat concerto was so popular, it is now considered to be his breakthrough work. It was around 1783-84 that Mozart met Haydn in Vienna when Mozarts reputation was on the rise. His opera the abduction from the seraglio had premiered with great success in Vienna and was in the process of being performed in many other cities. Mozarts Haydn quartets were written during the early years of their friendship and were published in 1785. These works are thought to be stylistically influenced by Haydns Opus 33 series which were released in 1781. This series was Haydns next important breakthrough, where melodic and harmonic roles segue among the instruments and often it is unclear what is melody and what is harmony. While Haydn spent much of his working life as a court composer, Mozart wanted public success in the concert life. This meant opera, in a virtuoso style. Moreover, Mozart also had a taste for chromatic harmony (and greater contrasts in harmonic language generally). In Mozart, Haydn found a greater range of instrumentation, dramatic effect and melodic writing. Their learning relationship worked both ways. Mozarts works, like Haydns stand as an archetype of the classical period. He was a versatile composer, and wrote in every major genre (symphony, opera, solo concerto, chamber music and the piano sonata). These forms had been well established by Haydn, but Mozart advanced the technical sophistication and emotional reach of them all. He almost solely developed and popularized the Classical piano concerto. The main features of the classical style are all present in Mozarts music. Clarity, balanced phrases, and transparency are the hallmarks of his works, but any simplistic notion of delicacy masks the exception power and force of his finest masterpieces, such as his Piano Concerto No.24 in C minor, his Symphony No.40 in G minor and the opera Don Giovanni. During Mozarts last decade as a composer, he exploited the use of chromatic harmony with remarkable confidence, which was rare at the time, but with great effect. At the peak of the classical period, composers were faced with a dilemma: enlarging the classical forms or simply abandoning them for a new musical paradigm. The political and social context around this time was calling for a major reshape of musical expression. When the age of revolutions began in 1789, the growing role of middle-class saw an increasing involvement by a new generation of artists and composers and this was reflected in the music that they wrote. Amongst this new generation of composers was Beethoven, who was the most crucial figure in this transitional period between the Classical and Romantic period, specifically his early years, which is known as his heroical period (up to 1812). From Beethovens first set of three piano trios, some of Mozarts techniques are evident such as avoiding the expected cadence. Haydn and Mozart were his strongest influences, but he explored new directions and gradually expended the ambition in his works. He did this through a number of techniques: a downward shift in melodies, increasing durations of movements, and the shift from vocal writing to pianistic writing. Also the increasing importance of varying accompanying figures to bring texture forward as an element in music became evident in his Symphonies. Slowly, direct influences of the Baroque period continued to fade: the figured bass grew less prominent as a means of holding performance together. The late classical period was demanding music that was internally more complex. The growth of concert societies and orchestras, marking the importance of music as a part of the middle class lifestyle, contributed to a booming market for pianos, piano music, and virtuosi. Furthermore, due to the growing number of performances where the composer was not present, it led to increased detail and specificity in scores. The transition became apparent with Beethovens 3rd Symphony (written in 1804), given the name Eroica which s Italian for Heroic. As with Stravinskys Rite of Spring, it may not have been the first in all f its innovations, but its aggressive use of every part of the classical style set it apart from its contemporary works: in length, ambition, and harmonic resources. Conclusion During the Vienna years, when Mozart was influenced by Swieten to take up the study of Baroque counterpoint, Haydn loaned him his personal copy of a textbook by Fux, a copy which was heaFux, a copy which was heavily covered with Haydns personal annotations.

Sleep :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Sleep Sleep is my favorite thing in life. My first waking thought is usually "when will I be able to sleep again?" But why do I love to sleep? What goes on behind my closed eyelids and what does sleep do for me? As early as 350 BC, Aristotle pondered the state of sleep: "With regard to sleep and waking, we must consider what they are: whether they are peculiar to soul or to body, or common to both." Researchers are still engaged in investigating the complexities of sleep. To answers these questions, I turned to the Internet for help. After an exhausting search, weeding through web pages designed for the average insomniac looking for a quick fix to his/her troubles, and technical research papers discussing the specifics of neurobiological functions, I found some helpful writings. What is known is that sleep is founded on patterns of bodily functions and brain activity. While we are asleep, our brains exhibit distinct and separate stages of activity. This paper will discuss the basic pattern s and stages of sleep within humans and the functions of each stage. This introduction to sleep will serve as the basis for further research later in the semester. Sleep follows distinct patterns throughout the day. Circadian rhythms are daily cycles of biological activity which mediate many of our metabolic functions. Blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and hormonal secretions ebb and flow throughout the day in a cyclic pattern, often referred to as the "biological clock". These rhythms are controlled by the superchaismatic nucleus region of the hypothalamus, which relies on both internal timing mechanisms within specific neurons as well as outside influences to set this clock. The biological clock is kept running by "zeitbergers", that is, any input to the brain such as daylight, the smell of food, or temperature change. Sleep cycles follow our circadian rhythms. It has been found that the natural hormone melatonin plays a large part in mediating sleep. As darkness falls, enzymes in the brain stimulate the release of melatonin from the pineal gland in the brain. Melatonin induces sleep by influencing the superchiasmatic nucleus. The release of melatonin is halted when daylight arrives, and we experience wakefulness. Other mediators such as seratonin, prolactin and prostaglandin have also been linked to the sleep cycle, but their exact role is unclear. Upon falling asleep, the brain and body go through five stages of sleep in one sleep cycle.

American Popular Culture

What is popular American culture? Popular culture is a way of life. It’s a lifestyle of a group of people. The elements of everyday life consist of popular culture. These are the artifacts, institutions, and sorts of a general knowledge of a society, the common knowledge and practices of a specific group at a specific time. Popular culture reflects and influences people’s way of life because it is related to a precise time and place. It is temporary, and new phases take over from former favorites like singers, musicians, artists, media authors. But popular culture is all over the world nowadays. It is almost everything that surrounds us in our society today. It slowly builds up and becomes habits on what we do as we see. Some patterns in my pop culture inventory include photography, films, magazines and cell phones. I simply love photography with the fact that I have many photographer friends. Their photos inspire me in many different ways, such as the outlook to life in an image, the insight of a person through a glimpse of a shadow and such. Films complete me in today’s pop culture. It makes me realize more about life then pop culture itself. Magazines show me the kind of entertainment and celebrities we are surrounded by. It also shows how popularity comes first in today’s society, for almost about everyone. And cell phones are something not many people can survive without in today’s world. It’s the fastest source of communication. The values in which are being communicated by the items listed in my inventory are relevant to society. Photography can change a person’s view on life. Its actions that take place, through different angles, shows you a different look on life, by just looking at one photograph. You do need to let yourself away from the world and get in touch with the picture itself, that is how I see it. Films, movies, shows is the one category that I do follow up in today’s pop culture. Not necessarily all genres of films. I love action, drama, romance and just perfectly made fairytales. I have always believed that movies have an enormous influence in our society and life. The meaning and main plots of each and every movie mean something, weather it may be stupid or a life lesson, there are so many different minded people in the world today that each and every meaning counts. Films are very convenient in today’s society I believe. Magazines, though, may not be fully true about the popular celebrities today, but it definitely shows a lot with its images. The writings may be false, but it certainly shows us the image and lets us decide on our own. It’s a big pleasure to see and decide for yourself. Cell phones are today’s highest communication factor. There are new kinds of cell phones out every other month. The technology is on 24/7 producing newer brands of cell phones and upgrading the old ones. There are people that live off their cell phone, that they cannot take a step out of the house without their cell phone. It’s a responsibility for them. American pop culture does not leave much of an impact on my personal decision making. Because of the fact that I don’t listen to pop culture when it comes to my personal decisions. I have my own values about everything in my life. I don’t let the pop culture decide for me because I believe pop culture is all surrounded by materialism and popularity. I come to believe and realize that today’s pop culture can be the result of most of today’s bad behavior in many aspects of people’s lives. My values come within my culture and from the way that I have been raised. Pop culture has never had an impact on my own personal decision making because I have been very aware of the influence of the pop culture for many years. While popular American culture is our daily cost, we as individuals always have a choice in how much we choose to participate. Most of the time as I make decisions, I do take into consideration of what is going on today, but never let it lead me to an influence to follow in its steps. The patterns in my pop culture inventory teach me something in my life. It influences me to the right roads. It also makes me see realize what I am being surrounded by today. As for my personal decision making, I do what I want to do, when I want to do and who I want to do it with, but never what the media presents.

Free Essays on Themes Of Japanese Religion

Japanese Religious History 1: Earhart’s six themes attempt to explain the established Japanese world view, which is a perception of the world gathered through experience and memory of experience. In Japan, being religious is being Japanese, and Earhart’s themes are an understanding of the religious dimensions of the Japanese people’s cultural identity. The closeness of human beings, Gods, and nature is the thickest thread in Japan’s religious tapestry. Perhaps it is because of the awe-inspiring landscape of the island nation and its early dependency on the land through fishing and agriculture that brought the Japanese people to a harmonious state with nature and the Gods. However deplorable comparisons may be, they do serve a purpose in experiential understanding through comparison to personal knowledge. In a sense, the inclusive idea of kami is similar to some Native American tribes’ relationships with the land and the inherent sacredness they realized through their understanding and dependency in their traditional physical connection to the land. The unity between people, nature, and the divine is a prominent theme of Japanese religion. The religious character of the family is also an important theme, considering the home is the center of religious devotion, and the family is the most important social and religious institution. The family connection is significant for maintaining the practice of rituals honoring ancestral spirits and providing solidity for religious activity. If religious devotion is dependent on the family unit, then the religious character of the family is a necessary theme to provide a world view. Moreover, the family is typically the center of social unity in most cultures, especially in regards to religious devotion and worship, so their influence and involvement in the themes to understand religion in Japan is obvious. The significance of purification, rituals, and charms and local fe... Free Essays on Themes Of Japanese Religion Free Essays on Themes Of Japanese Religion Japanese Religious History 1: Earhart’s six themes attempt to explain the established Japanese world view, which is a perception of the world gathered through experience and memory of experience. In Japan, being religious is being Japanese, and Earhart’s themes are an understanding of the religious dimensions of the Japanese people’s cultural identity. The closeness of human beings, Gods, and nature is the thickest thread in Japan’s religious tapestry. Perhaps it is because of the awe-inspiring landscape of the island nation and its early dependency on the land through fishing and agriculture that brought the Japanese people to a harmonious state with nature and the Gods. However deplorable comparisons may be, they do serve a purpose in experiential understanding through comparison to personal knowledge. In a sense, the inclusive idea of kami is similar to some Native American tribes’ relationships with the land and the inherent sacredness they realized through their understanding and dependency in their traditional physical connection to the land. The unity between people, nature, and the divine is a prominent theme of Japanese religion. The religious character of the family is also an important theme, considering the home is the center of religious devotion, and the family is the most important social and religious institution. The family connection is significant for maintaining the practice of rituals honoring ancestral spirits and providing solidity for religious activity. If religious devotion is dependent on the family unit, then the religious character of the family is a necessary theme to provide a world view. Moreover, the family is typically the center of social unity in most cultures, especially in regards to religious devotion and worship, so their influence and involvement in the themes to understand religion in Japan is obvious. The significance of purification, rituals, and charms and local fe...

Free Essays on Hamlet King Of Denmark

Hamlet-King of Denmark Hamlet is a young man in conflict with his emotions during the speech in Act 1 Scene 2. He feels emotionally devastated by the death of his father, the remarriage of his mother and the circumstances that now surround him. Hamlet feels torn between what he believes is morally right and good and what he feels would be the answer to relieving his angst-suicide. [â€Å"Or that the Everlasting had not fixed his Canon ‘gainst self-slaughter O’God, God, how weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable seems to me all the uses in this world†] Hamlet is furious with his mother, for being married. He finds it difficult to understand how she could have cried so many tears over the death of his father, and then so soon after that time, marry his Uncle. [â€Å"Why, she would hang on him as if increase of appetite had grown by what it fed on, and yet within a month-let me not thinkon ‘t; frailty, thy name is woman†] The rub with Hamlet is that his mother and father seemed happily married, and then after the father’s death, she is taken so easily to marrying the Uncle. The fact that she married the Uncle does not seem as upsetting to Hamlet, as the fact that she did so soon after the father’s death. This to Hamlet is unacceptable. He cannot imagine his mother having the strength or desire to get married, if she felt as devastated by his father's death as he does. These feelings are difficult for Hamlet to work through, and it seems that somehow it would be a relief to know his mother too was devastated and sad. [â€Å"A little month, or ere those shoes were old with which she followed my poor father’s body, like Nioke, all tears, why she, even she, O’ God a beast, that wants discourse of reason, would have mourned long-married with my Uncle†] I think the biggest issue for Hamlet during this part of the play is that he is sad, angry and feels like his life as he knew it has been forever changed. He is angry with ... Free Essays on Hamlet King Of Denmark Free Essays on Hamlet King Of Denmark Hamlet-King of Denmark Hamlet is a young man in conflict with his emotions during the speech in Act 1 Scene 2. He feels emotionally devastated by the death of his father, the remarriage of his mother and the circumstances that now surround him. Hamlet feels torn between what he believes is morally right and good and what he feels would be the answer to relieving his angst-suicide. [â€Å"Or that the Everlasting had not fixed his Canon ‘gainst self-slaughter O’God, God, how weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable seems to me all the uses in this world†] Hamlet is furious with his mother, for being married. He finds it difficult to understand how she could have cried so many tears over the death of his father, and then so soon after that time, marry his Uncle. [â€Å"Why, she would hang on him as if increase of appetite had grown by what it fed on, and yet within a month-let me not thinkon ‘t; frailty, thy name is woman†] The rub with Hamlet is that his mother and father seemed happily married, and then after the father’s death, she is taken so easily to marrying the Uncle. The fact that she married the Uncle does not seem as upsetting to Hamlet, as the fact that she did so soon after the father’s death. This to Hamlet is unacceptable. He cannot imagine his mother having the strength or desire to get married, if she felt as devastated by his father's death as he does. These feelings are difficult for Hamlet to work through, and it seems that somehow it would be a relief to know his mother too was devastated and sad. [â€Å"A little month, or ere those shoes were old with which she followed my poor father’s body, like Nioke, all tears, why she, even she, O’ God a beast, that wants discourse of reason, would have mourned long-married with my Uncle†] I think the biggest issue for Hamlet during this part of the play is that he is sad, angry and feels like his life as he knew it has been forever changed. He is angry with ...

Managing performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing performance - Essay Example At the forefront of issues and challenges that many if not all great companies of the 21st century are confronted all pertain to its workforce particularly the areas of discipline and efficiency. Much has been undertaken and usually at great expense to effectively manage discipline and employee productivity. The fundamental principle in managing companies big or small is to manage a company’s performance you have to manage the performance of its employees, officials, supervisors and managers. This leads to the question what is managing performance? Most if not all views and general opinion regarding this idea all refer to the handling as to how a company’s ability to meet its goals. This is usually forwarded by looking into the nature as well as objectives of its employees to better motivate them as well to make the company’s part of their long term goals. To an extent â€Å"performance management includes activities to ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner† (McNamara, n.d.). It must be noted that the underlying fact is to be able to attain this by improving as well effectively managing the human element in a corporate setup. To arrive at a better characterization of managing performance it needs to put into context the said term in relation to the main focus of this paper. Moreover due to the complexity, multi – dimensional and multi level nature of managing performance it is necessary to narrow dow n any and all succeeding expositions. This in no way set to underscore the fact that all that the term managing performance encompasses as well as all the attached disciplines as well as topic areas are equally important. The point is to have focus as well as a refined discussion of managing performance in the context of this paper. Due to the explanative necessities of this paper the fundamental questions will also serve as the main objectives of the paper’s discussion. Moreover main discussion

Environmental Geology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Geology - Essay Example As the tectonic activity continued during next several million years the initial rock had influenced a series of future changes as the empty cracks in the rock were again filled with liquid magma, which later formed crystal fractions inside the granite mass. The irregular and wavy structure of granite rock witnesses for tectonic and geological activity at the primary stage of rock formation, when the future granite formation was under a high temperature and was plastic for deformations. The motion of tectonic plates and elevation caused wavy structure. Besides it was prompted by changing climate and outside physical influence such as weathering and changing temperature regime. The second unit of the outcrop is represented by sandstone which is a sedimentary rock. The presence of sandstone witnesses for the absence of serious tectonic and geological changes in later geological epochs. The next geological periods in this outcrop starting from Triassic and up to Jurassic in Mesozoic era are characterized by the presence of sea life in that region. It means that the territories taken by magmatic and granite deposits were gradually flooded by sea waters. These were the conditions essential for the future forming of sandstone as the waters brought a lot of sedimentary rocks and sand to that territory. During million years these sedimentary rocks and sand were concentrating and under the high pressure they turned into solid rock such as sandstone which on the hand with sand particles contains a reasonable amount of cement which glued sand and turned it into concrete structure. The upper stratum gradually changes into marl. Marl stratum was formed by sedimentary particles which on the hand with sand particles included clay particles and calcium carbonate particles. During million years of depositing and under a pressure these particles transformed into a solid rock formed predominantly by clay and CaCO3 elements called marl. The presence of sand and clay witness that this stratum was formed during Mesozoic era. The last stratum represented by limestone also witnesses that the territory of outcrop was still occupied by water and that it was rich in the sea life. The limestone stratum was formed by sea organisms which could take dissolved calcium salts from the seawater. CaCO3 was a fundamental structure of their shells and skeletons and after millions years of high pressure and depositing it turned into limestone. Task 2 To the north from North-American platform there is situated a wide zone of Alpine suture represented by the Rocky Mountains and Cordeliers. This zone is characterized by tectonic and mobility of quasi-planar zones, which existed from prehistorically times as there existed such sutures as Hercinian, Caledonian and Cambrian. In Mesozoic era the Western part of North America also continued to experience tectonic movement conditions and besides there existed two zones of flexure where depositing of precipitation occurred: one of them occupied the stripe of the Rocky mountains from Alaska in the north to Colorado plateau in the south and another one stretched from Aleut islands through cascade mountains in Canada and Sierra-Nevada in the USA. Between these two flexure zones there was formed a zone which experienced little flexure.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 24

Case Study Example The advent of the internet has enabled the book publishers as well as book retail stores like B&N to sell e-books, devices to read them on, and apps that improve the reading experience. The publishing companies have been forced to commence releasing books as apps in addition to physical books. Book apps are adding new features, such as flip through photo albums, image enlargement, listen to music characters within the book, and read instant messages. The online booksellers as well as e-books do not have overhead costs. Following Porters value chain analysis, the primary activities are directly associated with physical creation, sale and support of the product (Porters, 2006). They comprise of: inbound logistics are processes related to receiving, storing and distributing inputs internally. The publishers print the books and store them internally; operations involve the activities that change inputs into outputs sold to consumers. This entails transformation of content to digital form; outbound logistics entails delivering the product to the customer. This is usually attained through apps; marketing and sales of e-books has been very competitive with firms like Amazon and B&N outdoing each other; service involves maintaining the value of the product. The booksellers have ensured that they develop an e-reader, market it, and set manufacturing and retail operations for the device. The publishing industry has been significantly affected by the new market entrants. The major competitors of B&N in the e-selling of books include Google, Amazon and Apple. The publishing companies are investing in resources like Kindle and iPads as delivery platforms for their books. In order to gain market share, a company needs to contend with increased competition. In the case of B&N, for them to gain market share and stay afloat they needed to contend with stiff competition from Apple, Google, and Amazon. Competitors such as Amazon aims at eliminating the publishers

Automobile Essay Example for Free

Automobile Essay Experimental Question: What are the effects of different types of antifreeze on the physical appearance on pansy plants? Most people could not imagine there lives without some sort of motor vehicle transportation. Although motor vehicles are great for getting around and getting around quickly, they take a lot of maintenance and also have a permanent effect on the environment. Motor vehicles take a lot of different products to assure smooth travels. One of these products that help your motor vehicle run smoothly is antifreeze. Antifreeze is made of substance called ethylene glycol. Although antifreeze is a very helpful product for humans there is a lack of its overall effects upon the environment. This is defiantly a problem, due to its lack of research we decided to conduct an experiment; what are the effects of different types of antifreeze on the physical appearance on a pansy plant? Ethylene glycol is actually metabolized in plants and plants have a hormone inside of them called ethylene. Inside of plant cells this substance is turned into ethylene glycol and broken down again. Most people believe that this substance cannot harm plants since it is already present within plants, but this belief is false. In large substance this substance can become deadly. One of the reasons why we decided to conduct this experiment is to show people the immediate effects there motor vehicle products can have upon the environment. Our goal is to inform vehicle owners of the harmful effects there products can have on the environment and what you can do to help improve our environment.

The Return Of Martin Guerre Film Studies Essay

The Return Of Martin Guerre Film Studies Essay To begin, film can be a dangerous method if audiences intend is to study history. Films can really persuade audiences to the direction of the perspective of filmmaker; this can be seen optimistically or pessimistically. If one does not have any formal knowledge of characters in the movie, how one visualize the characters are influenced by the interpretation of the filmmaker themselves. Films can manipulate and control the minds of the audiences; producers can make audiences adore, hate, sympathize or be terrified with specific characters in the film. Furthermore, film assigns specific character for an antagonist or a protagonist. Personally thinking, the film made Arnaud du Tilh, the imposter of Martin Guerre, to look as the protagonist of the film. In comparison to the book, Arnaud appeared to have truly fallen in love with Betrande and acted like a good husband and father to her and her son. Unlike Arnaud Martin du Tilh, Pierre Guerre was the character that appeared to be aggressiv e and money-hungry who did not want to inherit any money to his long lost supposed nephew. But in contrast, films allow audiences to empathize with a character from the past. When viewers create strong relationship with a character, viewers enter the film as if it is part of their life; audiences may believe they indeed understand characters action and thoughts. Throughout the film, I came to love, hate, and sympathize Martin Guerre du Tilh. I felt attached to the character and had hopes that he was the true Martin Guerre though I knew he was not. I felt the strongest connection to Arnaud when he confessed that the reason why he pretended to be Martin Guerre was because he fell in love with Betrande at the first sight. When the audiences get to see emotions and body language of a character, it creates stronger connection between the audience and the character. Another key disadvantage of learning history through film is that it adds a lot of inaccurate but entertaining twists to mak e the film more attractive. Unfortunately, some audiences become completely absorbed and believe what is projected without any doubt. Nonetheless, these inaccurate twists bring entertainment and spark to history, luring the audiences attention. While the film allows us to sympathize and connect with historical characters, books allow audiences to interpret characters to audiences perspective. Audiences get to imagine characters rather than being influenced by the visual interpretation the filmmaker projects throughout the story. With film, audiences are trapped with the image that they see in the film; with book, audiences get to imagine visual appearance and personality of a character. In other words, each audience can interpret the storyline and the characters on their perspective. In the book, The Return of Martin Guerre, Arnaud du Tilh appeared to be more as an antagonist rather than a protagonist as interpreted in the film. Since the book focused on broader issue; for example, explaining how Guerre family settled in Artigat and the life of Bertrande, Arnaud du Tilh did not seem as important character as shown in the film. I could only imagine him to be a fraudulent, pretending to be Martin Guerre to take the familys in heritance. Furthermore, unlike the film, where it focuses on Martin du Tilh and Betrande de Rols, the book went beyond and explained the lives of other characters. For instance, Jean de Coras, the Toulouse judge who documented the infamous trial of the Sixteenth Century. Like Davis mentions in the preface of her book, she explains that the film failed to point out some historical record of the case such as the abandonment of the Basque background of the Guerres, and the rising of Protestantism from Catholicism in the rural area. Regarding accuracy, books always reveal the underlying historical truths broader and more accurately than films can ever. Written work explains all the possible details that most films ignore due to its dullness and the time limit. Learning history through written works, in general, seem more reliable and accurate compare to films produced for mass audience. Essentially, the film Le Retour de Martin Guerre is mostly true, except the fictional account of Bertrandes motives at the end of the trial. In the book, Arnaud du Tilh insisted on being the real Martin Guerre till his death. Bertrande, in the end of the film, confesses that Arnauds eyes told her to give up and admit the newly claimed Martin as real Martin Guerre. In addition, Davis, a script consultant of the film, decided to write a more scholarly version of Martin Guerre after producing the film to assure a more historically accurate and detail work is available to public. However, she mentions in the introduction that she tried to look beyond the historical facts to unravel and understand the motivation behind the characters pursuit. This might input Daviss opinion on possibilities and ideas that Betrande knew that the new Martin Guerre was not her husband and secretively agreed to help him become Martin Guerre. But essentially, this is only a theoretical guess and no one really knows if Betrande actually knew Arnaud du Tilh was her husband or not. Personally I prefer the film over the book. The book was dull and uninteresting than the film. The film made me think the storyline is actually entertaining. The suspense created in the film really made me wonder if the man that claimed to be Martin Guerre, was indeed himself though I knew he was a fraudulent prior to watching the film. The film made the whole historical phenomenon to look real -the atmosphere, buildings, and even the lives of townsmen of Pyrenean village of Artigat seemed real. These really helped me to connect with the characters and the plot. Furthermore, media sources in general are a great way to introduce learners to historical events. Though there can be certain historical flaws, it still gives audiences a general storyline and visual interpretation of how life looked in certain periods. For example, the film, Le Retour de Martin Guerre, really presented the peasant life in the Sixteenth Century in France, while exhibiting the case of Martin Guerre. A person can say that the movie is lacking historical detail; however, the meaning, lesson, and the essence of the storyline were presented in the movie. It is my opinion, the film could be rather boring and long if all the historical details were added. Unlike the book, audiences get to see and learn the life of the peasants. Although both reading the book and viewing the film helped me enhanced my understanding of the historical event, I would choose to show the film if I had to teach history to students. Reading a historical book may not be as thrilling as watching a film and students might not get enough messages from the book as they are supposed to. But prior to or after viewing the film, I would teach the students some foundation and historical flaws which would help them learn the knowledge of the historical event and characters. In The Return of Martin Guerre, Davis went beyond the historical facts and tried to comprehend the possibilities behind the characters actions and pursuits. Both the film and the print amazingly delivered the historical information of the infamous case of Martin Guerre, a man who lived three years of another mans life by cheating the village of Artigat. Unlike many other historical films, Le Retour de Martin Guerre remained mostly true to the historical facts and told the audiences a fiction-like real story in the Sixteenth Century. Both mediums did excellent job informing historical occurrence to different types of learners. The book allowed us to learn broader and deeper into the roots of the content and taught audiences more in-depth view of each characters. However, my opinion is that the film did even better job at communicating the message of the content to audiences in such a short time limit.

Philosophy of Classroom Discipline Essay -- essays research papers

Philosophy of Classroom Discipline â€Å"Power is exercised only over free subjects, and only insofar as they are free. By this we mean individual or collective subjects who are faced with a field of possibilities in which several ways of behaving, several reactions and diverse compartments may be realized.† (Foucault) Foucault and Heidegger, modern philosophers, both describe power in these terms, as the facility to manipulate an object without force. Understanding this point of view is important, not only for state institutions who attempt to exert power over citizens and deviants, but also for teachers as they try to use disciplinary power to control the events in their classroom. Unfortunately, the majority of status quo disciplinary systems are entrenched in the mindset that power can be exerted over individuals through the use of coercive punishments and threats, actions which usually have the complete opposite result, less control over the students. A system that more closely mirrors Thomas Gordon’s view of discipline as self-control would be a far superior disciplinary model because it recognizes the true nature of power. Thomas Gordon’s disciplinary model specifically critiques the use of coercion and intimidation to exert power and control over students. Coercion to Gordon only reinforces a notion that violence is an acceptable form of control. Additionally, coerced and intimidated students will often retaliate against authority figures who attempt to exert coerciv...

The Effects of Pornography Within Society

The history of pornography has been dated back to prehistoric times. The actual word is derived from the Greek language. The date of when the word pornographic was first used in Greek is not known but a related word â€Å"pornography† meaning â€Å"someone writing of harlots† was used in a writing called Depositories of Athenians. In the French language the word â€Å"Pornographic† was in used during the sass. The word did not enter the English language as the familiar word until 1857 or as a French import in New Orleans in 1842. Rossini, 2007) It is believed that the people of ancient societies felt it was not worthy to preserve pornography because it was customary in their society. Even though the early history of pornography is unclear there is artwork from many ancient civilizations like ancient Greece, Ancient India, and Rome where erotic pictures often appeared in religious context. (Godson) In ancient Greece the idea of pornography was very different from ours. Even though the Greeks had artwork such as paintings and pictures that depicted nudity, they were more tolerant and have different views on what was considered to be immoral and obscene.There were prostitutes that were used where the women were used and raped against their will and the men who raped them would become their husband. This was all considered to be k under the Goddess Aphrodite. There were also religious ceremonies where a woman and her partner would perform sex in public to help the crops grow. (Klutz, 2009) In ancient India nudity in art was acceptable in southern India. In Junta, India there are sculptures and pictures that depict this type of art. Historical evidence showed that most countries that are in tropical climates have people who do not wear clothes other than for fashion.The need to cover the upper halve of the body was unnecessary, only in certain parts of ancient India was the upper halve of the body dressed with precious stones or gold while the w omen would wear expensive silks and shares (Godson) In Ancient Roman society the role of pornography in society was portrayed in the form of art and in writings such as poetry. Some of the poetry that depicted pornography was in Odes to Piraeus showed descriptions of intimate sexual relationships and Catcalls and Ovid who wrote about a cruel and demanding mistress.Roman pornography was different from the Greeks because there was no entailment value and reasoning behind the porn that was depicted. Roman pornography was considered to be more towards annalistic portrayals and being purely sexual. The sexual drive for the Romans were very strong and one of their mottos was to divide and conquer in the bedroom as well as in the battlefield. (Scarping, 2012) The different forms of pornography are in writings, images, sculptures like art. In 18th-century Europe, pornography became a way for protest for people against royalty and other aristocrats.During the 20th century, restrictions on po rnography were more relaxed throughout much of Europe and North America, Hough regulations remained strict in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. In our modern culture viewing pornography in private may be considered to be offensive but there are still laws that restricts the viewing of certain types of pornography such as child porn Oinks, 2014). Depending on the culture pornography is viewed in different ways. For instance people may look at pornographic images as a religious aspect while in another culture pornography may be considered to be more erotic.Some may feel that it is completely absurd. The different parts of the world have different ways that pornography is incorporated into their societies. The perspective against pornography brings up an important issue that includes violence against women, men, and children. They also cite issues of demutualization of sex, addiction, health concerns, and relationship issues. The demutualization of sex has been linked to the overwhelm ing amount of pornography that is available for the consumer.It has been shown in studies that the amount of porn available on the Internet is directly related to the way humans hunter-gatherer brains work and the novelty of viewing person after person in a sexual encounter. This fast paced viewing overload dads to spending more time alone, voyeurism, constant novelty, and the need for shock and surprise. These types of ‘sexual encounters' leave out some important aspects of real relationships such as pheromones, emotional connection, being touched, and interacting with another person.One can easily see how this could lead to the inability to have meaningful sexual relationships due to the gradual demutualization of sex as well as being desensitizing to sexual violence. (Tessellated, 2012) A study done on the effects of pornography confirmed the idea that there is a link between high consumption of pornography and the prediction of sexual aggression. They studied the percentag e of sexual perpetration, perspectives on intimate relationships, and beliefs of the rape myth (the rape myth is belief that belittles rape and tends to blame the victim for the crime).In every area of this meta- analysis they found that exposure to pornography increases the risk for an individual to commit sexual offenses, experience struggles with intimate relationships, and have higher acceptance rates of the rape myth. â€Å"Another meta-analysis examined 30 different studies with a total of 2,040 participants and concluded that exposure to pornography increases behavioral aggression†¦ He researchers conclude that a connection between exposure to pornography and subsequent behavioral aggression exists† (Allen, Deadlines, Breezes, 1995).The sexual aggression quantities are four times higher in an individual who consumes pornography habitually. The health effects that have been associated with Internet pornography addiction include social anxiety, depression, performan ce anxiety, and erectile dysfunction. ADD, COD, social anxiety, depression, and performance anxiety are thought to be possible precursors to the addiction and can be reversed by changing their behaviors. In a study done called, â€Å"Predicting compulsive Internet use: it's all about sex! † they found that out of all the activities on the Internet, porn has the highest addictive rate.They believe this is due to the brains reward circuit and how it drives us towards natural rewards like food, close personal relationships, and sex. These drives produce the secretion of dopamine and if too much dopamine is released it can override our natural satiation mechanisms. For instance, with excess high calorie food consumption, an individual ‘s ability to feel full' becomes harder to satisfy and major health concerns an ensue. In comparison to natural reward addictions, unnatural rewards like drugs or alcohol only make addicts of about 10% of users.The more the consumption over ti me, the more the dopamine surges; this then causes the binge mechanism that causes Delta-Foss to accumulate. The build up of Delta-Foss creates the cravings for more and alters the brain with a cycle of binging and craving. If this cycle continues, the brain will have structural changes that result in a numbed pleasure response, overexcited reactions to porn, and diminished self-control. In a study done with roomer Internet porn addicts, they found that these changes in the brain can reverse back to normal once the behavior is under control.The number one reason men try to stop their consumption of porn is directly related to erectile dysfunction and sexual performance. In these cases, the Delta-Foss build up and structural changes cause the erectile dysfunction. (Tessellated, 2012) The perspectives that support pornography are some of the following: it can facilitate healthy views on sex, reduce crime or aggression, and be economically beneficial. A study, done at the Pacific Cente r for Sex and Society at the University ofHawaii, looked at the sexual violence rates in countries where pornography is legalized. They found that with the increased popularity and consumption of pornography, that rates of sexual violence were reduced. The study concluded that this could be evidence that viewing pornography can provide a ‘catharsis' for individuals who have predispositions of hostile behavior. (Pappas, 2012, Para. 4) In a Danish study done with more than 600 men and women aged 18-30, they found that that the overall consensus was that viewing pornography had a positive effect on their lives.They stated that it was beneficial for ‘sexual knowledge, attitudes toward ex, perceptions of the opposite sex, healthy sex lives, and general quality of life' (Langley, 2012, Para. 4). The economical benefits of pornography include its extensive revenue and employment. In the United States, Internet porn acquires $2. 84 billion each year, and worldwide it brings in $ 4. 9 billion. (â€Å"Porn Addiction Statistics,† n. D) The sociological implications that are intertwined with sociology are the following: Economy Although there are benefits economically, there is a decline in Jobs because of the amount that is available for free.This as a result brings a downfall in the economy of the pornographic industry. The top adult entertainment companies include Vivid Entertainment in the United States, Playboy also in the United States, Airstreams in the Netherlands and Freeness Films in Brazil. Some of the major porn producing nations are Russia, Spain, Germany, and Japan. According to topdressings. Com, in 2006 the countries that had the largest revenue from the porn is the US $13. 33 billion, South Korea had $25. 73 billion, China had $27. 40 billion, and Japan $19. 8 billion. (Cruz, 2010) The porn industry is a major part of the world economy, creating employment and large-scale revenue. According to topdressings. Com, there is over 3,000 spent every second on pornography across the world. However, it is difficult to estimate the accurate statistics for the entire industry as a large part of the industry operates underground. (Cruz, 2010) There is a problem with the pornography being watch at work. Companies are losing money on the how much time their employees spend watching at work.According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics on March 30, 2012 a study that looked at how much money was being lost because employees of an undisclosed employer. There was about 28% of people using the computers to look up porn and showed an average of $23. 3 per hour by 1 hour and 38 minutes of watching porn came up with $38 a month and $456 a year per employee. If the 132 million people who were reported as workers in March 2012 and divided to represent the 28% of people who watch porn at work ended up with 37 million people who watch porn at work causing an annual productivity loss for companies around $16. Billion. (Godliest, 2012) The re is a lot of money being spent on pornography. Some hotel chains have pornography delivered to them by one of two major distribution companies, which are Lodgment and On Command. The hotel chains have reported that there is a 5%- 0% in profit Just from pornography purchases. On the Internet search engines like Yahoo made money off selling ads and links to porn websites. The price for getting a website listed that did not have porn on it was about $200 where porn sites were $600.Yahoo had suffered a lot of criticism about a sex shop that was opened up in 2001 but closed in January 2002 because there was legal action taken against them Patrick Truman a former Chief of Justice for child exploitation and obscenity section. (Herd, 2002) On the Internet there are websites that are very popular for their pornography. The top websites are Pronoun which gets 2. Billion views monthly page views, Weaponry getting 2. 1 billion, Tube 8 getting 970 million, compared too website like Wisped whic h gets about 8 million page views monthly.The actual amount of money that porn companies are really making is not easy to find because the info is not traded in public. Although there are estimates that show since 2006 out of $3. 62 billion in rentals and video sales, pornography created $2. 84 billion. The industry is headed in a whole new direction from renting videos to digital video streaming. (Rosen, 2013) Although there is so much money being produce by this industry there re some problems that arise with all the new technologies that come along with it. The bootlegging or pirating of porn that is copy written and sold takes away from the money that can be created.The increase of free porn websites also makes it more convenient (Rosen, 2013) for someone to get hold of pornographic material in way that doesn't cost them anything but a computer and a internet connection. All of these factors play an important role in the economy of the pornographic industry. (Rosen, 2013) Famili es Pornography can have a negative impact on families and children. It can affect all members of the family. Pornography can cause a lack of interest in the conjugal relations between spouses. Couples affected by one spouse's addiction usually experience a loss of interest in sexual intercourse and good family relations.Pornography can be a gateway to infidelity and is often a main cause for divorce. Pornography can cause Just as much pain and devastation to a marriage or family as actual infidelity. It can cause divorce or separation from which deep psychological and emotional ramifications could arise for the victimized spouse and children. Children of families who are broken apart from pornography grow up with a countermanding of sexuality and can develop trust and relationship issues of their own. Children can experience traumas related to encounters with their parents' pornographic material. A study of adolescents revealed that viewing sexually explicit internet materials signi ficantly increased their uncertainties about sexuality, and it can lower their self-esteem and bring about feelings of loneliness and depression. † (Fagan) When a child lives in a home where an adult is consuming pornography, there is a risk of the child suffering from a decreased amount of time ND attention from that parent leading to emotional and psychological issues. The child is also at an increased risk of encountering pornographic material that he or she may not be sexually mature to enough to view.It is not Just the person with the addiction or compulsion of watching pornography who suffers from the negative effects it can cause. The entire family involved can be effected and is at risk for the detrimental results that can occur. Health The are many health implications that come along with the use of pornography ranging from mental and psychiatric to medical and physical health risks. The most prevalent being the psychological effects porn can have on consumers and the ir families. Some psychologists refer to the over-use of pornography an addiction while others call it a compulsion.Either way it is labeled; too much porn can have psychological ramifications that lead to serious mental health issues. Another health risk for individuals who consume pornography is an increased likelihood to engage in risky sexual behaviors that are portrayed in various films and photographs. People may not understand that the behaviors seen in pornography are acted out in a enthroned setting and attempt to reenact such behaviors in dangerous ways. Pornography does not exactly promote safe sex concerns and may cause people overlook the importance of using protection against sexually transmitted diseases.Pornography can cause people to engage in sexual activity with numerous partners because they have been desensitizing to the importance of having one meaningful partner. They seek fulfillment in many different partners and this can lead to easy spread of sexually tran smitted infections. The lack of use of protection and the involvement of numerous partners can lead to the easy spread of sexually reanimated infections. Physical injuries can occur from individuals and couples reenacting what they observe in pornography. Some people use pornography as a sort of training video.Inexperienced couples and individuals try to act out scenarios and end up physically injuring themselves. Thirty- three percent of Americans each year suffers from physical injuries during sexual activity. A portion of those incidents occurs because of pornographic influence. All of these are important health implications that need to be considered. The numerous amounts of research that have been done on the effects of orangeroot conclude with conflicting outcomes. The data found in one study can be completely different from another study.Paul Wright, who has studied sex in the media and is the assistant professor of telecommunications at Indiana University said, â€Å"It's v ery easy if you want to support one side or the other, to pull a particular study†¦ Anybody can support one side or another by simply isolating a particular study and talking about it†(Pappas, 2012, Para. 1). This misalignment of information makes the topic a still heated debate. The discrepancies on the studies have to do tit the lack of a control group. (Tessellated, 2012) Pornography has been a part of society almost as long as society itself.It affects different cultures in various ways in both positive and negative aspects. It is a sociological aspect that has been under heated debate for the different implications that are involved in the topic. There are many negative attributes that come along with pornography that have adverse affects on society but there are positives that come along with it as well. While the negative seems to outweigh the positive, pornography is an industry that is here to stay for the mime being. There is not enough scientific research to pr ove that it is unhealthy enough to remove or ban it.However, there is enough information to show it is a subject that needs to be addressed and the risks need to be made known. If proper knowledge of the consequences of pornography are more commonly known, the amount of people affected in a negative way might be significantly reduced. Work Cited: Allen, M. , Deadlines, D. , and Breezes, K. â€Å"A Meta-Analysis Summarizing the Effects of Pornography II,† Human Communication Research, Volvo. 22, Number 2 (December, 1995): up. 258-283. Fagan, P. F. (n. D. ). The Effects of Pornography on Individuals, Marriage, Families, and Children.